The Capital Allocation Menu
A foundational interview question for corporate finance candidates who will support executive capital decisions.
What are the main ways a profitable company can use cash, and how would you frame the choice to a CFO?
13 questions reported in Apple interviews, organised by the group that asks them. Every question carries a model answer and graded feedback on your own attempt.
Questions
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Hard
Model builds
Built in the spreadsheet grid
Project selection, returning capital and measuring per-share value. 5 questions
A foundational interview question for corporate finance candidates who will support executive capital decisions.
What are the main ways a profitable company can use cash, and how would you frame the choice to a CFO?
Strategic finance analysts use this reconciliation to explain a revenue variance to operating leaders and a CFO.
Last year a company sold 1.0m units at $100 each. This year it sold 1.1m units: 0.8m premium units at $110 and 0.3m standard units at $90. Build a revenue bridge and explain what management should…
Standard in corporate finance and equity research interviews.
A board wants to return $1bn to shareholders. Compare a buyback with a special dividend. Which would you recommend and what determines the answer?
A common CFO-level case when a cash-generative company is deciding between reinvestment and a buyback.
Your company has $500m of excess cash and its share price has fallen 30%. Should it repurchase shares?
Core to treasury, corporate development and strategic finance interviews.
You're the treasurer of a mid-cap company currently at 1.0x net debt / EBITDA. The CFO asks whether you should lever up to 3.0x and buy back stock. How would you analyse this, and what would you…
Capital structure, covenant headroom, FX and interest rate hedging. 5 questions
Corporate treasury interviews use this to distinguish cheap funding from dependable liquidity.
What is commercial paper, and when should a company use it rather than a revolver or long-term debt?
The core treasury question, and it has no single right answer.
A company has $3bn of revenue and holds $800m of cash. Is that too much? How would you determine the right level?
Tests whether a treasury candidate prioritises capital preservation and access over a marginal yield pickup.
Your company has $400m of surplus cash that it does not expect to need for nine months. How would you set the short-term investment policy?
A treasury scenario lab combining exposure math, hedge sizing and policy judgement.
Your company expects a EUR receivable in three months. Calculate the exposure and budget risk as certainty changes, then recommend a hedge that protects margin without over-hedging.
A senior treasury judgement question on turning a large reported cash balance into usable capital without ignoring legal-entity constraints.
A group reports $1.0bn of cash, but $600m sits in foreign subsidiaries. The parent has a $250m maturity in eight months and is considering a share repurchase. How would you determine how much cash is…
Adjacency analysis, competitive response and where advantage actually comes from. 2 questions
Asked when a new product may hurt the existing business.
A company can launch a lower-priced product that may cannibalise its premium product. How should management decide?
Asked in technology and marketplace strategy interviews.
What is the difference between a product strategy and a platform strategy?
Driver-based forecasts, variance analysis and forecast accuracy. 1 question
A standard FP&A follow-up when revenue may be on plan but profitability is not.
Revenue is on budget, but gross margin falls from 60% to 55%. How would you investigate and explain the decline to the CFO?
Write your answer, get it graded on technical accuracy, completeness and communication, and see exactly which mechanic you missed.
Company tags reflect where a question type is commonly reported in interviews. They are not sourced from, endorsed by, or affiliated with Apple.